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For some children, diet is suspected of playing a role in the multiple behavioral and cognitive symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Concerns have focused on food additives, blood sugar regulation, food allergies and intolerances, and vitamin, mineral and fatty acid deficiencies. == Food coloring and additives == Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of Benjamin Feingold, there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ADHD-like behavior in children.〔FDA. (Background Document for the Food Advisory Committee: Certified Color Additives in Food and Possible Association with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: March 30-31, 2011 )〕 These concerns have led the FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by researchers at Southampton University of the effect of a mixture of six food dyes (Tartrazine, Allura Red, Ponceau 4R, Quinoline Yellow WS, Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine (dubbed the "Southampton 6")) and sodium benzoate (a preservative) on children in the general population, who consumed them in beverages; the study published in 2007.〔〔Sarah Chapman of Chapman Technologies on behalf of Food Standards Agency in Scotland. March 2011 (on approaches to the replacement of Tartrazine, Allura Red, Ponceau 4R, Quinoline Yellow, Sunset Yellow and Carmoisine in food and beverages )〕 The study found "a possible link between the consumption of these artificial colours and a sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactivity" in the children;〔〔 the advisory committee to the FSA that evaluated the study also determined that because of study limitations, the results could not be extrapolated to the general population, and further testing was recommended".〔 The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the precautionary principle, required labelling and temporarily reduced the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the food colorings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colorings by food manufacturers.〔〔 However in 2009 the EFSA re-evaluated the data at hand and determined that "the available scientific evidence does not substantiate a link between the color additives and behavioral effects" for any of the dyes.〔〔EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food (ANS) (Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Sunset Yellow FCF (E 110) as a food additive ). EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1330 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1330〕〔EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS) http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/scdocs/scdoc/1328.htm 091113 efsa.europa.eu Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Ponceau 4R (E 124) as a food additive] EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1328〕〔EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to food (ANS). (Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive ). EFSA Journal 2009; 7(11):1329 (pp. ). doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1329〕 The US FDA did not make changes following the publication of the Southampton study, but following a citizen petition filed by the Center for Science in the Public Interest in 2008, requesting the FDA ban several food additives, the FDA commenced a review of the available evidence, and still made no changes.〔 There is no evidence to support broad claims that food coloring causes food intolerance and ADHD-like behavior in children.〔Tomaska LD and Brooke-Taylor, S. ''Food Additives - General'' pp 449-454 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. ISBN 9780123786135〕 It is possible that certain food coloring may act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed, but the evidence is weak.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diet and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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